By Patrick O’Donnell
WKTV Contributor
Patrick O’Donnell started birding at the age of seven in his hometown of Niagara Falls, NY. He has worked as a field biologist in the USA, and guided tours and taught birding courses in Ecuador, Peru and Costa Rica. He resides in Costa Rica where he works with birding tourism and writes about birds at his blog, “Costa Rica Living and Birding,” the Birdzilla website, and other places. He is the author of an ebook, “How to See, Find, and Identify Birds in Costa Rica.”
Spring has arrived in Michigan! Warmer temperatures have arrived on southerly winds and the birds of spring are back. Walk outside, stop to listen, and you’ll hear them.
It started in March, maybe even late February with the bugling of Sandhill Cranes and “kon-ker-ees!” of Red-winged Blackbirds. By April, those and other early spring migrants have become well established on breeding grounds throughout the state.
These birds are the first heralds of spring, avian reminders that more are on their way; millions of birds! That many? Oh yes, and some.
There’s a digital tool called Birdcast that gives an idea of the number of birds flying through Michigan skies. By analyzing data from radar stations, Birdcast estimates numbers of birds in flight, even in real time!
According to Birdcast, on April 8, more than 5.5 million birds migrated over Michigan. That was just one night and since peak migration doesn’t happen until the second week of May, a lot more birds are expected.
Many birds that passed overhead during the first 10 days of April were probably Brown-headed Cowbirds, Common Grackles, Blue Jays, and other common statewide species that migrate in April. Since dozens of other bird species won’t arrive until May, birders often refer to these hardy April songbirds as “early migrants.”
These species can withstand some cold weather and migrate relatively short distances to the southern United States. Go birding anywhere in Michigan in April and you’ll find them! A shy, rusty-tailed bird hopping under a bush could be a Hermit Thrush on its way to the U.P. That plain bird perched on a low post and wagging its tail is probably an Eastern Phoebe; a common breeding bird throughout Michigan.
Are you hearing high-pitched calls emanating from bushes and trees? Take a close look, you might find tiny, cute Golden-crowned Kinglets. After the next push of warm southerly wings, they’ll be joined by fellow breeding birds of the U.P.; Yellow-rumped Warblers. These beautiful songbirds have black and yellow highlights on gray-blue plumage and a bright yellow rump.
That particular field mark gave rise to a popular birding nickname for the species. If you go for a morning walk and hear birders saying, “Butterbutt,” don’t be alarmed! They are just admiring Yellow-rumped Warblers.
By late April, those pretty warblers should also be joined by dozens of White-throated Sparrows. These big handsome sparrows breed in most of Michigan as well as further north. Take an April morning walk in a wooded park and you’ll probably hear their sweet whistled song, “O Canada Canada Canada.”
Many raptors migrate to South America for winter
While enjoying the songs of White-throated Sparrows and looking for Butterbutts, handsome Eastern Towhees, and other April migrants, don’t forget to look to the skies. There’s a fair chance you’ll see some migrating raptors that move through and breed in much of Michigan. There will be Turkey Vultures and maybe a hawk or two. Yes, those big birds migrate too; many Turkey Vultures even soar to South America for the winter.
A small hawk making a few quick flaps followed by a glide might be a Sharp-shinned Hawk; a diminutive yet lethal raptor that preys on songbirds. In late April, crow-sized soaring raptors with broad black and white tails are probably Broad-winged Hawks. They are returning from Costa Rica and other tropical wintering grounds.
Other, smaller birds also flow north through Michigan skies. Small birds zipping overhead in elegant flight are probably swallows that move through and breed in every part of the state. At first, thousands of Tree Swallows are on the move. Beautiful aerialists with blue-green upperparts and white underparts, they fly north to breed near lakes and other wetlands. However, in mid and late April, additional swallow species necessitate a closer look.
Plain brown swallows with pale underparts are Northern Rough-winged Swallows. If you see some with a brown breast band, you have found Bank Swallows. Steely blue and peach Barn Swallows zip low over the fields, but what about those big dark swallows? Those are Purple Martins migrating to martin houses throughout the state and further north.
Highest numbers of bird species come back in May
There are a lot of spring migrants in April, but the best birding cake gets served in May; when the highest numbers of bird species come back to Michigan. During the first week of May, it begins with a trickle of warblers and a few other birds quick to reach their breeding grounds.
However, by the second week, the migration dam opens and that initial stream of birds swells into a massive feathered movement flowing north. Thousands, millions of birds migrate through Michigan. Even better, all are in beautiful breeding plumage, many are singing, and lots can show up in backyards and urban parks.
It’s a birding bonanza and, for birders, just might be the most wonderful time of the year. As with many places, May birding in Michigan means the return of Baltimore Orioles, Rose-breasted Grosbeaks, Scarlet Tanagers, Red-eyed Vireos, and other songbirds that breed throughout the state.
Best of all, the warblers come back. Beautiful little birds plumaged in a variety of colors and patterns, most migrate to breeding grounds in the U.P. and further north. However, a few, such as the Chestnut-sided Warbler and the Halloween colored American Redstart, stay to breed in every county.
Other warblers that arrive in May, but then mostly move on to the forests of the U.P. include handsome Magnolia Warblers, tiger-striped Cape May Warblers, and flame-throated Blackburnian Warblers. Keep looking up and your binoculars might also focus on movements that materialize into fancy Northern Parulas and the cocoa and cream of Bay-breasted Warblers.
A birder’s dream in May
On the best of May birding days, the birds just don’t stop! Such rare days can truly be the stuff of birding dreams.
Not to leave wetlands out of the birding mix, May is also when shorebirds migrate through Michigan. Visit wetlands and there might be sandpipers foraging in the mud with Black-bellied and Semipalmated Plovers. Be careful to not disturb them, these amazing migrants are on their way to the Arctic!
The best way to see migrant birds in Michigan is by looking for them in wildlife refuges, parks and other places with natural habitats. However, backyards can work too, especially ones planted with native trees and bushes.
Bird feeder tips: What food attracts what bird?
Put out tray feeders with black sunflower seeds and peanuts to attract Blue Jays and Northern Cardinals. Let some of those seeds spill on the ground and your garden might also be graced with migrant sparrows and towhees.
To attract orioles, put out orange slices and grape jelly. They’ll love those offerings; orioles have a serious sweet tooth! Although most May migrants are insectivores and avoid feeders, mealworms can bring in Eastern Bluebirds, thrushes and maybe some warblers, too.
Install feeders where you can watch them, but, to help birds feel safe, place them within 15 feet of bushes or trees. If you want extra close looks, some feeders have their own little camera.
Whether you use feeders or not, this spring, keep an eye out for birds. Huge numbers of beautiful birds are migrating through our neighborhoods, towns and cities, probably more than we realize.
