Tag Archives: Bill Cook

The beauty of commercial forestlands

3-bottom, Citizen Journalism, ,
Courtesy Michigan State University Extension

By Bill Cook, Michigan State University Extension


Imagine walking into your forest, say a forty-acre woodland, and finding that a hunter has been doing things without your knowledge. Someone has built a blind and a baiting station. They’ve cut a shooting lane. And, well-worn ATV trails lead to the site. You don’t know who did this. There are no names on the blind, like you would find on an ice shanty.


What do you do?


Just the year before, you left a note about removing the blind, which was done. However, a new and larger one was constructed in its place. The hunter has your name and phone number, which was also posted on a sign where your two-track road enters the property.  But, you don’t know who the hunter is! 


Who would take such liberties on private property that belongs to someone else? 


Sure, your property is entered into the Commercial Forest Program, so public hunting, fishing, and trapping is allowed. A hunter doesn’t need to ask your permission to hunt. However, you could potentially get kicked-out of the tax program for what this unknown hunter has done, and that could cost you a fair chunk of change.


So, what are the rules for your guests? 


Aside from reading the actual legislation, a decent summary can be found in the DNR annual Hunting Digest and on the DNR Private Forest Lands website. 


Michigan’s Commercial Forest Program (sometimes called by old terms CFA or CFR) opens over two million acres of forestland to hunting, fishing, and trapping. However, hunters, fishers, and trappers need to use these lands with respect and understand the limitations of that use. Violations can result in criminal or civil liability. 

  • Hunting licenses are required (public-land antlerless license for antlerless deer).
  • Foot access only, unless the forest owner allows motor vehicles. Owners can gate roads. 
  • Nothing can be left overnight, including blinds, bait stations, litter, tents, etc.
  • No blinds can be constructed of any sort, except from dead natural materials on-site.
  • Shooting lanes cannot be cut.
  • No nails, bolts, wire, tree steps that harm trees or may be dangerous to timber harvest.
  • No firearm target-shooting or sighting-in.

Most of these restrictions are simple courtesy when using someone else’s land. Hunters, fishers, and trappers are responsible for knowing the rules.  So should forestowners. 


Maps of CF land, by county, can be found on-line at Commercial Forest Maps. The tool is awkward to use, unless you already know the Township and Range of the land where you wish to hunt. However, CF-colored county maps can be found, which helps locate specific CF properties. Another color-coded locator tool can be found on the DNR MI-Hunt website, which is a bit easier to use. 


Note that the Qualified Forest Program is different and is managed by the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development. The Commercial Forest Program is administered by the DNR, with three Service Foresters that can field questions. 

So, what do you do if there are violators on your property? If you’re comfortable with talking to them, let them know they are in violation and ask them to stop whatever it is they’re doing. Failing that, a forest owner can contact a conservation officer. Remember, it is your land. 


This article was published by Michigan State University Extension. For more information, visit https://extension.msu.edu. To have a digest of information delivered straight to your email inbox, visit https://extension.msu.edu/newsletters. To contact an expert in your area, visit https://extension.msu.edu/experts, or call 888-MSUE4MI (888-678-3464).



Knowing trees

Area Education, Citizen Journalism, Education, Kids Activities, Our Cities, ,

Photo courtesy of Michigan State Extension

By Bill Cook, Michigan State University Extension 

 

In Michigan’s wildland forests, there are about 75-85 tree species, depending upon where the line is drawn between a tree and a shrub. The number of species significantly increases when the urban/residential trees and ornamental varieties are counted.

 

Trees are good ecological indicators of site productivity and ecological conditions. Trees are the dominant life form of forest systems. They pretty much determine what else grows on the site and which wildlife species will inhabit a particular place.

 

Knowing the ecological requirements and implications of trees provides a more satisfying forest visit. Tree identification is just the first step. However, it’s the forest dynamics that become more interesting, rather quickly. It takes some time and study to learn to read the forest like a forester.

 

For northern Michigan, the Upper Peninsula Tree Identification website is a good tool. The image sets have been recently updated to reflect the changes in computer technology since the website was first introduced in the late 1990s.

 

UPTREEID also has an extensive forest health section tied to particular tree species.

 

There are about a dozen characteristics available to help identify trees. Learning which subset of characteristics to use for a particular tree is where practice and skill are needed. Some characteristics are seasonal, such as leaves, fruits and flowers. Most others are more year-round, such as twig and branching patterns, buds, bud scars, bark, tree form, site and tree associates.

 

For some trees, paper birch for instance, most people only need to look at the white, peeling bark. Although, sometimes pale versions of quaking aspen have been mistaken for paper birch. Trees with acorns are one of several oaks. Most of our conifers carry needles year-round, but not all.

 

Many people refer to all conifers as pines when, actually, most conifers are not pines, especially in the U.P. Pines make up about 44 percent of the conifer volume in Michigan (14 percent of total tree volume) and about 25 percent in the U.P. (11 percent of the total). Northern white-cedar is the most common conifer in Michigan. It’s not a pine! Neither are hemlocks, spruces, firs, tamaracks or larches. Michigan is mostly a hardwood state.

 

Because there are only about a dozen common conifers (only four are pines) in the forest, conifer ID is fairly easy. It’s a good place to begin in order to build some confidence and skill.

 

Another good tactic for beginners is learning the ten most common tree species first: sugar maple, red maple, white-cedar, red pine, white pine, northern red oak, quaking aspen, bigtooth aspen, black cherry and hemlock. Once these trees are known, comparing them to unknown species will often make the identification process move quicker.

 

For about five months, leaves are good tree ID characteristics. However, beware of the variability within a particular species. Size, shape, color and other features can change from one part of a tree, or among trees of the same species, due to site conditions and tree health.

 

Using leaves to confirm a species ID allows an observer to more easily become familiar with year-round ID characteristics, such as bark, buds, branching patterns, etc. Once a person becomes proficient at tree ID, then, like learning to read, a whole world of science, history and ecology opens up.

 

Our wild land forests have been shaped by historical practices, especially the over-harvesting and burning of a hundred years ago. That period set the stage for much of what we see today, as the forests have recovered. Forest management has done much to bring the forest resource to conditions that are now able to supply a wide range of goods and services.

 

Forests are an essential resource for human survival. Their renewable nature provides a large measure of potential for human benefit, if properly cared for. Learning to identify some of the pieces goes a long way to a deeper understanding of the ever-changing forest puzzle.

 

This article was published by Michigan State University Extension. For more information, visit http://www.msue.msu.edu. To have a digest of information delivered straight to your email inbox, visit http://www.msue.msu.edu/newsletters. To contact an expert in your area, visit http://expert.msue.msu.edu, or call 888-MSUE4MI (888-678-3464).

 

 

 

 

 

Frogs’ and toads’ songs of spring

3-bottom, Citizen Journalism, Education, How-To's, Pets/Animals, , , , , ,

Photo courtesy Michigan State University Extension

By Bill Cook, Michigan State University Extension

 

Most of us are aware that many birds claim territory with songs and calls. Robins and cardinals might top the list for the most frequently recognized spring migrants. However, as the frogs and toads emerge from their overwintering habitats, their voices are among the favorites. The woodland frogs begin the annual serenade.

 

Chorus frogs (Pseudacris triceriata), spring peepers (Pseudacris crucifer) and wood frogs (Rana sylvatica) can be heard in those crepuscular times (dawn and dusk).

 

Nearly as soon as the ground surface thaws and even when there is still snow on the ground, the chorus frogs make a call that’s reminiscent of running a fingernail along a stiff comb. Often the first to make itself heard in the spring, they can be easily distinguished from the louder spring peepers and wood frogs.

 

The peepers, particularly, can make a cacophony of sound heard from the inside of speeding cars, even with music playing! Passing through those wetlands might seem a bit like a visitation from an alien world. They might be the best-known northern frog.

 

Wood frogs are also among the first debuts of spring. Their calls can be distinguished by a rapid thrup-thrup-thrup that sounds a bit like rubber slipping across rubber. Populations of wood frogs are known to sound like a large of group of people, all talking at once.

 

Soon to follow the chorus frogs, peepers and woodies are the American toads (Bufo americanus). These marvelous sounds are high-pitched trills that last around 15-20 seconds. A neighboring toad will sing at a slightly different pitch. Many toads will sound like a choir of sopranos or like science fiction laser guns!

 

Gray treefrogs (Hyla versicolor) can be heard from springtime and into the fall. Their sound is often mistaken for that of a bird. It’s a bubbly sound, sort of like blowing a straw into a glass of water, only a much higher pitch. These are also the frogs that can appear on window sills during the summer. They can be colored gray, brown or green.

 

Northern leopard frogs (Rana pipiens) make a rapid clicking sound as well as a rubber-stretching sound or, maybe, a slow, creaky rocking chair. Sometimes, they sound like the rapid taps of a sapsucker on hollow wood. The pickerel frog (Rana palustris) has a similar call, a bit more like a giant zipper.

 

Later into the spring and into the summer, green frogs (Rana clamitans) announce themselves with a flat note that is a bit like a single strum on a loose banjo string. Green frogs, bullfrogs, and leopard frogs are generally associated with ponds.

 

Bullfrogs (Rana catesbiana) are aptly named for their calls, which, indeed, resemble the moaning of bulls in the field. It’s a low-pitched, short moo that is usually repeated several times in sequence.

 

Of course, all of these northern frogs and toads, including some not mentioned here, are associated with water and begin as tadpoles. Many of them, especially the woodland frogs, are associated with vernal pools. These pools are essentially ephemeral spring puddles in the woods. Besides frogs, vernal pools sport many other interesting critters, such as salamanders and fairy shrimp.

 

Learning the various sounds of frogs and toads is fairly easy with the numerous audio clips found on the internet. Without much practice, identifying species and population sizes can be fun spring activities. The Michigan DNR has some fun information about our frogs and toads including audio clips.

 

This article was published by Michigan State University Extension. For more information, visit http://www.msue.msu.edu. To have a digest of information delivered straight to your email inbox, visit http://www.msue.msu.edu/newsletters. To contact an expert in your area, visit http://expert.msue.msu.edu, or call 888-MSUE4MI (888-678-3464).